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DOE OSTI · 3015920

Analysis of Line Distance Elements for Various Ibr Controllers and System Conditions

Pinheiro, Paulo [Universidade Federal Fluminense]·Franca, Bruno [Universidade Federal Fluminense]·Lopes, Yona [Universidade Federal Fluminense]·Chakraborty, Soham [National Laboratory of the Rockies, Golden, CO (United States)]·Bainy, Romulo [University of Idaho]·Lei, Hangtian [University of Idaho]·Johnson, Brian [University of Idaho]·Manson, Scott [Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories]·Wang, Jing [National Laboratory of the Rockies, Golden, CO (United States)]·Mahmud, Rasel [National Laboratory of the Rockies, Golden, CO (United States)]·Hoke, Andy [National Laboratory of the Rockies, Golden, CO (United States)] (ORCID:0000000267917812)·Kruse, Cameron [Kauai Island Utility Cooperative]
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Abstract

The large-scale penetration of inverter-based resources in power systems has challenged protection engineers because of the different fault behaviors these sources provide compared to conventional generation systems. The main challenges include a low level of fault current magnitude, unpredictable angles of sequence currents, and lack of inertia that can lead to maloperation of conventional phasor-based protection elements. This paper presents a sensitivity analysis of transmission line distance protection elements during phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase faults for different inverter controllers and power system conditions. It also summarizes which line protection elements remain secure near IBR terminations and identifies the ones affected by the inverter-based response. The paper concludes by highlighting that regulating negative-sequence current injection during the fault aids correct protection decisions, but does not address the entire challenge. Finally, alternative protection elements to those affected by the inverter fault response are discussed.

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24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTIONdistance protectiongrid following invertersinverter-based resourcestransmission lines

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Pinheiro, Paulo [Universidade Federal Fluminense], Franca, Bruno [Universidade Federal Fluminense], Lopes, Yona [Universidade Federal Fluminense], Chakraborty, Soham [National Laboratory of the Rockies, Golden, CO (United States)], Bainy, Romulo [University of Idaho], Lei, Hangtian [University of Idaho], Johnson, Brian [University of Idaho], Manson, Scott [Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories], Wang, Jing [National Laboratory of the Rockies, Golden, CO (United States)], Mahmud, Rasel [National Laboratory of the Rockies, Golden, CO (United States)], Hoke, Andy [National Laboratory of the Rockies, Golden, CO (United States)] (ORCID:0000000267917812), Kruse, Cameron [Kauai Island Utility Cooperative]. 2025-10-16. Analysis of Line Distance Elements for Various Ibr Controllers and System Conditions. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2025.112370

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