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Alternator and voltage regulator-exciter for a Brayton cycle space power system. Volume 2 - Unbalanced electromagnetic forces
Unbalanced electromagnetic forces in Brayton cycle turboalternator for space power system
HSYE-117RH Voltage Linear Regulator Total Ionizing Dose Test Report
The purpose of this test was to validate the Intersil HSYE-117RH-Q flight lot for use in the fabrication of Europa Clipper Propulsion subsystem flight hardware. This test shall serve as the radiation lot acceptance test (RLAT) for the flight lot date with wafer lot number G3X3CQC and lot date code (LDC) 1830. Low dose rate (LDR) irradiations have been performed by the manufacturer, but only to 100 krad(Si). This test determined the enhanced low dose rate sensitivity (ELDRS) of the device up to the mission specific dose of 125 krad(Si).
HSYE-117RH Voltage Linear Regulator Total Ionizing Dose Test Report
The purpose of this test was to validate the Intersil HSYE-117RH-Q flight lot for use in the fabrication of Europa Clipper Propulsion subsystem flight hardware. This test shall serve as the radiation lot acceptance test (RLAT) for the flight lot date with wafer lot number G3X3CQC and lot date code (LDC) 1830. Low dose rate (LDR) irradiations have been performed by the manufacturer, but only to 100 krad(Si). This test was a follow-on to the original Radiation Lot-Specific Acceptance Testing (RLAT) performed on this LDC. Application-specific load currents were used for the line regulation and load regulation measurements. All other parameters were measured with standard bias conditions as specified in the datasheet.
Inter-Area Oscillation Damping with Type-5 Wind Power Plant: Preprint
This paper investigates the potential of using brushless excitation (BLE) for not only riding through the fault but also to damp inter-area power oscillation with the help of a synchronous generator (SG) used in Type 5 Wind Power Plant (WPP). In BLE, an auxiliary synchronous generator (ASG) behaving like an exciter is coupled and driven by the rotor of the main SG. The BLE's field current's ASG is fed by two separate loops of the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) and Power System Stabilizer (PSS). The AVR system implements a control loop to regulate the generator terminal voltage, VT. For the PSS, the kinetic energy of the wind turbine is utilized according to the estimated rotational speed of the synchronous generator shaft of the SG. It mitigates the necessity of any curtailment of active power for damping. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified with a three-phase short circuit fault in a two-area power system.
Nondissipative dc to dc regulator-converter study third quarterly report, 15 dec. 1964 - 15 aug. 1965
Nondissipative dc to dc voltage regulator frequency converter
A closely regulated TWT converter.
The design concept for the TWT amplifier converter for possible use in the Thermoelectric Outer Planet Spacecraft (TOPS) is presented. An unusual combination of semiconductors and magnetics was utilized to achieve very stable voltage regulation on a number of separate outputs to satisfy the requirements of a high-power TWT, and at the same time operate at an efficiency of better than 90% from a 30-V source. The circuitry consists of an output filter, an auxiliary Jensen oscillator driving a high-reactance transformer to provide current limiting to the heater, a variable time delay, a main Jensen oscillator driving the power transformer with a maximum step-up ratio of 120 to 1, and series transistorized post regulators to provide precise voltage adjustment and low output impedance. This paper discusses the design of the high-reactance transformer and the high step-up ratio transformer, as well as the high-voltage series regulators that are limited in range and operate at the top of the unregulated output voltage. Test data are presented, and details of current transients caused by charging the filter circuits, input current ripple, and output voltage ripples are considered.
Cascaded resonant bridge converters
A converter for converting a low voltage direct current power source to a higher voltage, high frequency alternating current output for use in an electrical system where it is desired to use low weight cables and other circuit elements. The converter has a first stage series resonant (Schwarz) converter which converts the direct current power source to an alternating current by means of switching elements that are operated by a variable frequency voltage regulator, a transformer to step up the voltage of the alternating current, and a rectifier bridge to convert the alternating current to a direct current first stage output. The converter further has a second stage series resonant (Schwarz) converter which is connected in series to the first stage converter to receive its direct current output and convert it to a second stage high frequency alternating current output by means of switching elements that are operated by a fixed frequency oscillator. The voltage of the second stage output is controlled at a relatively constant value by controlling the first stage output voltage, which is accomplished by controlling the frequency of the first stage variable frequency voltage controller in response to second stage voltage. Fault tolerance in the event of a load short circuit is provided by making the operation of the first stage variable frequency voltage controller responsive to first and second stage current limiting devices. The second stage output is connected to a rectifier bridge whose output is connected to the input of the second stage to provide good regulation of output voltage wave form at low system loads.
Programmable high voltage power supply with regulation confined to the high voltage section
A high voltage power supply in a dc-dc converter configuration includes a pre-regulator which filters and regulates the dc input and drives an oscillator which applies, in turn, a low voltage ac signal to the low side of a step-up high voltage transformer. The high voltage side of the transformer drives a voltage multiplier which provides a stepped up dc voltage to an output filter. The output voltage is sensed by a feedback network which then controls a regulator. Both the input and output of the regulator are on the high voltage side, avoiding isolation problems. The regulator furnishes a portion of the drive to the voltage multiplier, avoiding having a regulator in series with the load with its attendant, relatively high power losses. This power supply is highly regulated, has low power consumption, a low parts count and may be manufactured at low cost. The power supply has a programmability feature that allows for the selection of a large range of output voltages.
Reverse and Forward Engineering of Local Voltage Control in Distribution Networks
The increasing penetration of renewable and distributed energy resources in distribution networks calls for real-time and distributed voltage control. As such, in this paper we investigate local Volt/VAR control with a general class of control functions, and show that the power system dynamics with non-incremental local voltage control can be seen as a distributed algorithm for solving a well-defined optimization problem (reverse engineering). The reverse engineering further reveals a fundamental limitation of the non-incremental voltage control: the convergence condition is restrictive and prevents better voltage regulation at equilibrium. This motivates us to design two incremental local voltage control schemes based on the subgradient and pseudo-gradient algorithms respectively for solving the same optimization problem (forward engineering). The new control schemes decouple the dynamical property from the equilibrium property, and have much less restrictive convergence conditions. This work presents another step towards developing a new foundation—network dynamics as optimization algorithms—for distributed real-time control and optimization of future power networks.
Improving Power-Supply Regulation for Pulsed Loads
Power supply voltage-regulator circuit speeds up response to sudden load changes. As load increases, additional feedback path is enabled. Path bypasses and provides faster loop response than normal feedback path. Steady-state instability due to faster loop response avoided by progressively disabling bypass loop and allowing normal feedback path to take over.
Review of Power System Support Functions for Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources - Standards, Control Algorithms, and Trends
Penetration of renewable energy in power systems has been increasing in the past decades in response to increased global electricity demand and concerns for the environment. Distributed energy resources (DERs) based on renewables have experienced rapid growth thanks to the incentive programs and broad-based participation. With the growing prevalence of DERs, the risk of grid instability and vulnerability increases due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy. At the same time, the voltage and frequency deviation problems emerge more often when the reverse power flow occurs under supply-demand imbalance in distributed power systems. Standards and grid codes have been issued for DER inverters to interconnect with the distribution grid. The updated standard and grid codes expect DERs to provide a variety of power system support functions in order to incorporate higher DER penetration and to maximize DER value to the grid. This paper provides an overview of the power system support functions from renewable DER inverters, which are categorized as: voltage regulation by active/reactive power control, frequency regulation by active power control, voltage ride-through, and frequency ride-through. The benefits and drawbacks of each algorithm are presented and compared with its predecessor, manifesting the logic in the evolution of the algorithms.
Predictive and Cooperative Voltage Control with Probabilistic Load and Solar Generation Forecasting
This paper proposes predictive cooperative voltage control method in a power system with high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) units. Cooperative distributed control of the reactive power output of PV inverters is coordinated with operation of voltage regulators (VRs) to maintain system voltages within an appropriate bandwidth. Probabilistic forecasting of the solar power generation and the loads is applied to estimate voltage changes which, in turn, are used to set the VR tap positions for preventing large voltage fluctuations with the lowest risk considering the voltage distribution estimation. The fine tuning of voltage adjustment is achieved by cooperative control of PV inverters to maintain a uniform voltage profile across the system. The proposed method is tested on the modified IEEE 123-node test feeder with high PV penetration using real insolation data and with constant loads replaced by several different load profiles. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the coordinated approach for voltage control with cooperative PV and predictive VR controls taking into account probabilistic load and solar power forecasts.
Fuel cell technology program contract summary report
A fuel cell technology program which was established to advance the state-of-the-art of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells using the P and WA PC8B technology as the base is reported. The major tasks of this program consisted of (1) fuel cell system studies of a space shuttle powerplant conceptual design (designated engineering model -1, EM-1) supported by liaison with the space shuttle prime contractors; (2) component and subsystem technology advancement and; (3) a demonstrator powerplant test. Fuel cell system studies, with the EM-1 as the focal point of design activities, included determination of voltage regulation, specific reactant consumption, weight, voltage level and performance characteristics. These studies provided the basis for coordination activities with the space shuttle vehicle prime contractor. Interface information, on-board checkout and in-flight monitoring requirements, and development cost data were also provided as part of this activity. Even though the two vehicles primes had different voltage requirements (115 volts in one case and 28 volts in the other), it was concluded that either option could be provided in the fuel cell power system by the electrical hook-up of the cells in the stack.
Two level voltage limiter
Two-level voltage regulator for silver cadmium battery charge control
Multi-Level Optimal Power Flow Solver in Large Distribution Networks
Solving optimal power flow (OPF) problems for large distribution networks incurs high computational complexity. We consider a large multi-phase distribution network of tree topology with a deep penetration of active devices. We divide the network into collaborating areas featuring subtree topology and subareas featuring subsubtree topology. We design a multilevel implementation of the primal-dual gradient algorithm to solve the voltage regulation OPF problems while preserving nodal voltage information and topological information within areas and subareas. Numerical results on a 4,521-node system verify that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the computational speed without compromising any optimality.
Performance Characterization of InCharge™ ICE-66 V2X Bidirectional DC Fast Charger
Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology extends the role of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle’s (PHEV) and Battery Electric Vehicle’s (BEV) batteries beyond transportation by enabling bidirectional power transfer between the vehicle's onboard energy storage and the utility grid. Modern battery-powered vehicles are equipped with high-capacity battery packs that remain stationary and underutilized for the majority of their operational life. A vehicle used for daily commuting may be parked and connected to charging infrastructure for 18–20 hours per day, representing a significant untapped energy resource. When considered at scale, the aggregated storage capacity of a modest fleet of 10–15 vehicles within a single parking facility can reach the MWh range, sufficient to partially offset peak demand for a mid-size commercial building or contribute meaningful ancillary services to the local grid. The ability to charge during off-peak periods when electricity prices are low and discharge during peak demand when prices are high positions EV batteries as distributed energy arbitrage assets, with the potential to offset vehicle ownership and charging costs. Beyond energy arbitrage, V2G-capable assets can provide ancillary grid services through active and reactive power injections. Active power supports grid frequency regulation, while reactive power supports local voltage regulation. Together, these capabilities establish V2G as a technically promising and economically relevant pathway toward greater integration of battery-powered vehicles into the broader energy system.
Analysis of the advanced Nimbus power systems
Solar-conversion power-supply subsystem for Nimbus B, using pulse width modulated voltage regulator