Search NASA⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search NASA

Results for “Processing maps”

Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 433 records · Page 24
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
DOE OSTI2021

Common risk segment mapping: Streamlining exploration for carbon storage sites, with application to coastal Texas and Louisiana

Large-scale deployment of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) will require a commensurately large number of sites. Efficient screening methods are needed to create investment assurance and focus efforts on the most promising sites. The problem is similar to petroleum exploration, for which there are well-developed (though seldom published) workflows, including Common Risk Segment (CRS) mapping. In brief, the process requires 1) defining the key play elements; 2) identifying candidate geologic intervals for each; 3) creating fact-based maps for those intervals; 4) determining minimum criteria for the success of each element; 5) reinterpreting the fact-based maps in terms of chance of success; and 6) combining the individual maps to form a composite, basin-scale view of prospectivity. We adapt the CRS process to screening for CO 2 storage sites. Critically, we redefine the process in terms of cost of characterization and development, rather than chance of success. For illustration, we apply the process to the example of the Lower Miocene on the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast. We show that the predictions are consistent with historic hydrocarbon production volumes and rates. The power of the CRS method is that it creates a systematic approach to geologic evaluation and translates complex, multidimensional analysis into clear, graphical and easily comprehended business inputs. The results highlight sweet spots and identifies critical risks, suggesting a focus for further data collection and analysis. Furthermore, the method developed here can be applied to both surface and subsurface factors anywhere that there is interest in geologic storage of CO 2 .

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Investigating Photogrammetric Accuracy of a Lunar-lander-induced Crater Measurement System

Laboratory measurements have been made to validate the performance of the Stereo CAmeras for Lunar Plume-Surface Studies (SCALPSS) stereo photogrammetry systems which will be flying to the moon on two of NASA’s upcoming Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) missions. Until recently, the system’s accuracy had only been studied using idealized geometric shapes as measurement targets. A realistic crater model of representative scale and an idealized ‘staircase’ target have been used to compare measurement accuracy of ideal versus lunar-like objects, with the commercial V-STARS® system being used to provide the known reference values for comparison. In a parametric study, altitude, lens focal length, and camera separation are varied to assess each parameter’s impact on photogrammetric accuracy in relation to the scaling law prediction developed previously. The SCALPSS 1.0 and 1.1 configurations have been validated on the crater model within acceptable accuracy for the missions, performing significantly better than the scaling law prediction in some cases. A semi-automated post-processing routine was developed in MATLAB® and proved successful for the cross-correlation of features between two stereo images. For some cases of extreme convergence angles between a camera pair, manual feature detection and matching was required. By using this manual process, the crater depth map was reconstructed but with worse accuracy than the idealized staircase measurements; refinements to the processing algorithm are expected to improve future results. Also examined in this work is the impact of illumination environments, both natural (e.g., Sun angles) and artificial (diffuse or structured illumination sources), on the camera system’s ability to measure the erosion of the lunar terrain.

Plume-surface interaction↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Investigating Photogrammetric Accuracy of a Lunar-lander-induced Crater Measurement System

Laboratory measurements have been made to validate the performance of the Stereo CAmeras for Lunar Plume-Surface Studies (SCALPSS) stereo photogrammetry systems which will be flying to the moon on two of NASA’s upcoming Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) missions. Until recently, the system’s accuracy had only been studied using idealized geometric shapes as measurement targets. A realistic crater model of representative scale and an idealized ‘staircase’ target have been used to compare measurement accuracy of ideal versus lunar-like objects, with the commercial V-STARS® system being used to provide the known reference values for comparison. In a parametric study, altitude, lens focal length, and camera separation are varied to assess each parameter’s impact on photogrammetric accuracy in relation to the scaling law prediction developed previously. The SCALPSS 1.0 and 1.1 configurations have been validated on the crater model within acceptable accuracy for the missions, performing significantly better than the scaling law prediction in some cases. A semi-automated post-processing routine was developed in MATLAB® and proved successful for the cross-correlation of features between two stereo images. For some cases of extreme convergence angles between a camera pair, manual feature detection and matching was required. By using this manual process, the crater depth map was reconstructed but with worse accuracy than the idealized staircase measurements; refinements to the processing algorithm are expected to improve future results. Also examined in this work is the impact of illumination environments, both natural (e.g., Sun angles) and artificial (diffuse or structured illumination sources), on the camera system’s ability to measure the erosion of the lunar terrain.

Plume-surface interaction↗
DOE OSTI2020

A Data Processing Workflow for Fixed-wing Drone Based Radiation Mapping in the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ) - 20119

April 2020 marks the 34. anniversary of the high-profile radiological release from the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP). The release of radioactive material from reactor number four began on the 26 April 1986 and continued over a period of about 10 days, releasing approximately 1700 PBq of radioactive material (including 85 PBq of 137-Cs) into the environment. To this day, the accident remains the most significant release of radioactive material since civil nuclear power generation began. In the years since the accident, automated and remote radiation monitoring technologies have advanced significantly in their capabilities. One such example of this is the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in radiation mapping investigations. In April 2019, a team of scientists from the University of Bristol showcased a novel radiation mapping system within the CEZ, specifically aiming to map radiation over a large portion of the area immediately surrounding the ChNPP. Over six days of data collection, the system flew a total distance of 583.8 km, covering an area of 14.6 sq.km with an exceptional spatial resolution (sub 20 m/pixel). The work presented herein outlines and explains the data processing procedure to convert the raw data into 137-Cs activity (kBq/sq.m) and cesium-equivalent dose-rate (CED) at 1 m above ground level (μSv/hr). A demonstration of the validity of the method is demonstrated through the successful reduction of the raw data into a single linear relationship between the measured {sup 137}Cs net peak intensity and the {sup 137}Cs activity. (authors)

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗
NASA NTRS2014

Mapping alpha-Particle X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (Map-X)

Many planetary surface processes (like physical and chemical weathering, water activity, diagenesis, low-temperature or impact metamorphism, and biogenic activity) leave traces of their actions as features in the size range 10s to 100s of micron. The Mapping alpha-particle X-ray Spectrometer ("Map-X") is intended to provide chemical imaging at 2 orders of magnitude higher spatial resolution than previously flown instruments, yielding elemental chemistry at or below the scale length where many relict physical, chemical, and biological features can be imaged and interpreted in ancient rocks.

CCD Camera↗
NASA NTRS1995

Silicon Detector Studies with an Interferometric Thickness Mapper

Cosmic ray isotopic composition studies aboard satellites are normally based on energy detection measurements which require a precise knowledge of matter thickness particle penetration. A laser- interferometer system has been developed to precisely map the thick- ness variations of large-area silicon detectors. Design, operation, and the data processing to derive thickness maps is described.

Cosmic Rays Silicon Detectors Interferometry Satel↗
DOE OSTI2017

Electromagnetic compatibility qualification of power electronics for I and C power applications - 152

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is a growing field in nuclear equipment qualification. Previously confined to I and C equipment residing in control and cable spreading rooms, EMC qualification has expanded to include the inverters and battery chargers which often power safety-related I and C equipment, as well as adjustable speed drives and material handling equipment which could potentially affect sensitive safety-related I and C systems. Because much of the data collected to form the current EMC limits and guidance was collected from low-power equipment in relatively low EMI environments, the same guidance, applied to power electronic equipment, produces overly conservative estimations of the performance needed for EMC. Excessive modification in an attempt to bring the equipment into compliance with EMC limits may not be necessary. This paper provides a brief summary of current applicable EMC guidance and demonstrates a road map for the qualification of larger, more powerful devices which takes into account the entire EMC process, including design, testing, mapping of the installed location, and justification of EMC failures with the end goal being successful, timely, and cost-effective implementation of upgrades and compatibility with existing plant infrastructure (in the intended installation environment), even if equipment exceeds traditional operating envelopes. (authors)

42 ENGINEERING↗
NASA NTRS1991

Mars geologic mapping: Dao, Harmakhis, and Reull Valles region

The east rim of Hellas basin is a complex geologic region affected by volcanic, tectonic, channeling, and resurfacing processes. A regional geologic map of the area between 27.5-42.4 degrees S and 260-275 degrees W was compiled in order to establish general stratigraphic relationships between and among the geologic units exposed in the region. The southern one-third of the regional map, the area convered by three MGM 1:500,000 quadrangles -40272, -40267, and -40262, is to be mapped in more detail in this project. Outflow channel deposits were subdivided into three facies and interpreted. A geologic sketch map of the Hadriaca Patera region on the east rim of the Hellas basin is presented.

Price, Katherine H.↗
NASA NTRS1974

Multispectral scanner data processing over Sam Houston National Forest

The Edit 9 forest scene, a computer processing technique, and its capability to map timber types in the Sam Houston National Forest, are evaluated. Special efforts were made to evaluate existing computer processing techniques in mapping timber types using ERTS-1 and aircraft data, and to provide an opportunity to open up new research and development areas in forestry data.

Reeves, C. A.↗
NASA NTRS1992

Assessment Of Accuracies Of Remote-Sensing Maps

Report describes study of accuracies of classifications of picture elements in map derived by digital processing of Landsat-multispectral-scanner imagery of coastal plain of Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. Accuracies of portions of map analyzed with help of statistical sampling procedure called "stratified plurality sampling", in which all picture elements in given cluster classified in stratum to which plurality of them belong.

Card, Don H.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Tutorial on LuNaMaps Developed Tools andProcesses for Mapping the Lunar Surface

The main contribution of this project is the combined knowledge of terrain relative navigation experts and lunar scientists who are familiar with both the lunar orbital imagery and the instruments that collected the data as well as how a TRN system utilizes map data. This knowledge comes in the form of published technical papers, benchmark map data sets, and software tools that can help others automate the process of creating the necessary maps for their own landing sites in the future. This presentation provides a brief overview of the tools and processes developed by the project.

optical navigation↗
NASA NTRS2011

Surface Modeling to Support Small-Body Spacecraft Exploration and Proximity Operations

In order to simulate physically plausible surfaces that represent geologically evolved surfaces, demonstrating demanding surface-relative guidance navigation and control (GN&C) actions, such surfaces must be made to mimic the geological processes themselves. A report describes how, using software and algorithms to model body surfaces as a series of digital terrain maps, a series of processes was put in place that evolve the surface from some assumed nominal starting condition. The physical processes modeled in this algorithmic technique include fractal regolith substrate texturing, fractally textured rocks (of empirically derived size and distribution power laws), cratering, and regolith migration under potential energy gradient. Starting with a global model that may be determined observationally or created ad hoc, the surface evolution is begun. First, material of some assumed strength is layered on the global model in a fractally random pattern. Then, rocks are distributed according to power laws measured on the Moon. Cratering then takes place in a temporal fashion, including modeling of ejecta blankets and taking into account the gravity of the object (which determines how much of the ejecta blanket falls back to the surface), and causing the observed phenomena of older craters being progressively buried by the ejecta of earlier impacts. Finally, regolith migration occurs which stratifies finer materials from coarser, as the fine material progressively migrates to regions of lower potential energy.

Riedel, Joseph E.↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Hot on the Trail: Mapping Wildland Fires With Citizen Science and Live Image Processing

Heightened fire activity is straining existing firefighting resources and budgets across the nation and worldwide. For this reason, the 2021 NASA Academy at Langley Research Center has the challenge of applying NASA technology to the challenges faced by wild-land firefighting professionals. The approach is three-fold: Data Acquisition, Communications, and Equipment Development. The Communications Team focused on improving data latency for fire mapping and advancing communications between civilians and incident dispatch. The team developed two main concepts to address these areas: First, they tried to identify, map, and transmit fire perimeter data via an Uncrewed Aerial System (UAS), and second, they suggest a fully functioning web-app for early fire detection and fire monitoring using citizen science. This report outlines the materials and methods of these concepts, as well as future work necessary to bring the proposed technology into the field.

UAS data transfer ground stations↗
NASA NTRSDate not supplied

Technology Transfer Plan: LuNaMaps Project

The main contribution of this project is the combined knowledge of terrain relative navigation experts and lunar scientists who are familiar with both the lunar orbital imagery and the instruments that collected the data as well as how a TRN system utilizes map data. This knowledge comes in the form of published technical papers, benchmark map data sets, and software tools that can help others automate the process of creating the necessary maps for their own landing sites in the future. This document represents the project's plans to share all the lessons learned, processes developed, and applicable software tools with the public.

optical navigation↗
DOE OSTI2020

RIFTA: A Robust Iterative Fourier Transform-based dwell time Algorithm for ultra-precision ion beam figuring of synchrotron mirrors

With the rapid evolution of synchrotron X-ray sources, the demand for high-precision X-ray mirrors has greatly increased. Single nanometer profile error is required to keep imaging capability at the diffraction limit. Ion Beam Figuring (IBF), as a highly deterministic surfacing technique, has been used for ultra-precision finishing of mirrors. One crucial step that guides the IBF process is dwell time calculation. A valid dwell time solution should be non-negative and duplicate the shape of the desired removal map. Another important aspect is to minimize the total dwell time. In this study, we propose a Robust Iterative Fourier Transform-based dwell time Algorithm (RIFTA) that automatically fulfills these requirements. First, the thresholded inverse filtering in Fourier transform-based deconvolution is stabilized and automated by optimizing the threshold value using the Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm. Second, a novel two-level iterative scheme is proposed to guarantee the minimized total dwell time with its non-negativity at each dwell point. Third, a bicubic resampling is employed to flexibly adapt the calculated dwell time map to any IBF process intervals. The performance of RIFTA is first studied with simulation, followed by a comparison with the other state-of-the-art dwell time algorithms. We then demonstrate with an experiment that, using the dwell time calculated by the RIFTA, the total dwell time is shortened by a factor of two and the RMS in a 5 × 50 mm clear aperture was reduced from 3.4 nm to 1.1 nm after one IBF run, which proves the effectiveness and the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

42 ENGINEERING↗