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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 55 records · Page 3
All sourcesNASA NTRSDOE OSTI
NASA NTRS1977

High-temperature, high-power-density thermionic energy conversion for space

Theoretic converter outputs and efficiencies indicate the need to consider thermionic energy conversion (TEC) with greater power densities and higher temperatures within reasonable limits for space missions. Converter-output power density, voltage, and efficiency as functions of current density were determined for 1400-to-2000 K emitters with 725-to-1000 K collectors. The results encourage utilization of TEC with hotter-than-1650 K emitters and greater-than-6W sq cm outputs to attain better efficiencies, greater voltages, and higher waste-heat-rejection temperatures for multihundred-kilowatt space-power applications. For example, 1800 K, 30 A sq cm TEC operation for NEP compared with the 1650 K, 5 A/sq cm case should allow much lower radiation weights, substantially fewer and/or smaller emitter heat pipes, significantly reduced reactor and shield-related weights, many fewer converters and associated current-collecting bus bars, less power conditioning, and lower transmission losses. Integration of these effects should yield considerably reduced NEP specific weights.

Morris, J. F.↗
NASA NTRS1983

High-temperature, high-pressure optical cells

For measuring the thermal diffusivity of HgCdTe melts by the laser-pulse method, an infrared transparent cell with flat windows of sufficient strength to withstand the high-vapor pressure of mercury had to be developed. Since mercury telluride expands on freezing, certain difficulties arose in returning the cell to room temperature without cracking it. T08 commercial fused silica is used in the construction of the cell, and the cells are transparent for wavelengths from about 3.5 microns in the infrared to 260 nm in the ultraviolet. The construction procedure for the required cells has been laborious. However, the obtained cell has routinely withstood internal pressures in excess of 60 atm at 900 C. Attention is given to the design of the windows, aspects of cell construction, and questions of loading.

Holland, L. R.↗
NASA NTRS1985

High-Temperature, High-Pressure Optical Cells

Optical cell constructed for measurement of thermal diffusivity of HgCdTe semiconductor by laser pulses. Container allows radiation from laser to enter one side of alloy sample, while allowing lower-energy infrared radiation to leave opposite side of sample so temperature rise read by sensor. Composed entirely of fused silica, cell includes two optical windows joined by tube. Cell withstands 1,000 degrees C cell-operating temperature and contains molten alloy at its 100-atmosphere vapor pressure. Finally, allows alloy to solidify without bursting even though alloy expands on cooling.

Harris, R. P.↗
NASA NTRS1990

Exact expressions and improved approximations for interaction rates of neutrinos with free nucleons in a high-temperature, high-density gas

The exact expressions needed in the neutrino transport equations for scattering of all three flavors of neutrinos and antineutrinos off free protons and neutrons, and for electron neutrino absorption on neutrons and electron antineutrino absorption on protons, are derived under the assumption that nucleons are noninteracting particles. The standard approximations even with corrections for degeneracy, are found to be poor fits to the exact results. Improved approximations are constructed which are adequate for nondegenerate nucleons for neutrino energies from 1 to 160 MeV and temperatures from 1 to 50 MeV.

Schinder, Paul J.↗
NASA NTRS1993

High-temperature, high-pressure oxygen metering valve

A control valve includes a body defining a central cavity arranged between a fluid inlet and outwardly-diverging first and second fluid outlets respectively disposed in a common transverse plane. A valve member is arranged in the cavity for rotation between first and second operating positions where a transverse fluid passage through the valve member alternatively communicates the fluid inlet with one or the other of the fluid outlets. To minimize fluid turbulence when the valve member is rotated to an alternate operating position, the fluid passage has a convergent entrance for maintaining the passage in permanent communication with the fluid inlet as well as an oblong exit opening with spaced side walls for enabling the exit opening to temporarily span the first and second fluid outlets as the valve member is turned between its respective operating positions.

Christianson, Rollin C.↗
NASA NTRS1988

Effects of electron irradiation on high temperature superconductors and contacts to high temperature superconductors

The discovery of a new class of ceramic superconductors with transition temperatures above liquid nitrogen has opened the doors for exciting space applications. Energy storage, pointing maneuvers, magnetic shielding, and sensitive detection of electromagnetic radiation are some of the longer term possible applications. One near term application involves low electrical resistance, high thermal resistance connections between a detector operating at approximatly or equal to 4 and the electronics operating at approximatly or equal to 77 K. The new high temperature superconductors could accomplish this providing the necessary electrical connections to the ground plane while isolating the system thermally, thus prolonging the life of the mission. With such possibilities it is clearly of value to study the effects of radiation that would be experienced during a typical space mission. In this work we focused specifically on the effects of the electron radiation environment.

Caton, Randall↗
NASA NTRS1991

NDE standards for high temperature materials

High temperature materials include monolithic ceramics for automotive gas turbine engines and also metallic/intermetallic and ceramic matrix composites for a range of aerospace applications. These are materials that can withstand extreme operating temperatures that will prevail in advanced high-efficiency gas turbine engines. High temperature engine components are very likely to consist of complex composite structures with three-dimensionality interwoven and various intermixed ceramic fibers. The thermomechanical properties of components made of these materials are actually created in-place during processing and fabrication stages. The complex nature of these new materials creates strong incentives for exact standards for unambiguous evaluations of defects and microstructural characteristics. NDE techniques and standards that will ultimately be applicable to production and quality control of high temperature materials and structures are still emerging. The needs range from flaw detection to below 100 micron levels in monolithic ceramics to global imaging of fiber architecture and matrix densification anomalies in composites. The needs are different depending on the processing stage, fabrication method, and nature of the finished product. The standards are discussed that must be developed in concert with advances in NDE technology, materials processing research, and fabrication development. High temperature materials and structures that fail to meet stringent specifications and standards are unlikely to compete successfully either technologically or in international markets.

Vary, Alex↗
NASA NTRS1981

Gallium phosphide high temperature diodes

High temperature (300 C) diodes for geothermal and other energy applications were developed. A comparison of reverse leakage currents of Si, GaAs, and GaP was made. Diodes made from GaP should be usable to 500 C. A Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) process for producing high quality, grown junction GaP diodes is described. This process uses low vapor pressure Mg as a dopant which allows multiple boat growth in the same LPE run. These LPE wafers were cut into die and metallized to make the diodes. These diodes produce leakage currents below ten to the -9th power A/sq cm at 400 C while exhibiting good high temperature rectification characteristics. High temperature life test data is presented which shows exceptional stability of the V-I characteristics.

Chaffin, R. J.↗
NASA NTRS2014

Development and Performance Verification of Fiber Optic Temperature Sensors in High Temperature Engine Environments

A High Temperature Fiber Optic Sensor (HTFOS) has been developed at NASA Glenn Research Center for aircraft engine applications. After fabrication and preliminary in-house performance evaluation, the HTFOS was tested in an engine environment at NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center. The engine tests enabled the performance of the HTFOS in real engine environments to be evaluated along with the ability of the sensor to respond to changes in the engine's operating condition. Data were collected prior, during, and after each test in order to observe the change in temperature from ambient to each of the various test point levels. An adequate amount of data was collected and analyzed to satisfy the research team that HTFOS operates properly while the engine was running. Temperature measurements made by HTFOS while the engine was running agreed with those anticipated.

Adamovsky, Grigory↗
NASA NTRS2014

High Temperature Solid Lubricant Coating for High Temperature Wear Applications

A self-lubricating, friction and wear reducing composite useful over a wide temperature range is described herein. The composite includes metal bonded chromium oxide dispersed in a metal binder having a substantial amount of nickel. The composite contains a fluoride of at least one Group I, Group II, or rare earth metal, and optionally a low temperature lubricant metal.

DellaCorte, Christopher↗
NASA NTRS2016

500 C Electronic Packaging and Dielectric Materials for High Temperature Applications

High-temperature environment operable sensors and electronics are required for exploring the inner solar planets and distributed control of next generation aeronautical engines. Various silicon carbide (SiC) high temperature sensors, actuators, and electronics have been demonstrated at and above 500C. A compatible packaging system is essential for long-term testing and application of high temperature electronics and sensors. High temperature passive components are also necessary for high temperature electronic systems. This talk will discuss ceramic packaging systems developed for high temperature electronics, and related testing results of SiC circuits at 500C and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) integrated circuits at temperatures beyond commercial limit facilitated by these high temperature packaging technologies. Dielectric materials for high temperature multilayers capacitors will also be discussed. High-temperature environment operable sensors and electronics are required for probing the inner solar planets and distributed control of next generation aeronautical engines. Various silicon carbide (SiC) high temperature sensors, actuators, and electronics have been demonstrated at and above 500C. A compatible packaging system is essential for long-term testing and eventual applications of high temperature electronics and sensors. High temperature passive components are also necessary for high temperature electronic systems. This talk will discuss ceramic packaging systems developed for high electronics and related testing results of SiC circuits at 500C and silicon-on-insulator (SOI) integrated circuits at temperatures beyond commercial limit facilitated by high temperature packaging technologies. Dielectric materials for high temperature multilayers capacitors will also be discussed.

dielectric performance↗
NASA NTRS2001

Alumina Encapsulated Strain Gage Not Mechanically Attached To The Substrate, Used to Temperature Compensate an Active High Temperature Gage In A Half-Bridge Configuration

A temperature compensation element for a high-temperature strain gage and the method of fabricating the same. Preferably, the element is a "dummy" strain gage not mechanically attached to the substrate. The element is encapsulated in an insulative material and used to compensate an active high-temperature strain gage and wired in a half-bridge configuration. The temperature compensation element and high-temperature strain gage are fabricated using the method of the present invention. This method includes temporarily adhering the element to a heat sink, encapsulated in an insulative material and then removed from the heat sink. Next, the element is either stacked or placed near the active gage. Ideally, the element and the active gage have substantially similar heat transfer and electrical properties.

Anthony Piazza↗
NASA NTRS1982

Overview of high-temperature materials for high-energy space power systems

The current state of technology and some of the more pressing research needs and challenges associated with the possible use of high temperature materials in future high energy space power systems are discussed. Particularly, emphasis is on the need to improve and quantify the fundamental understanding of the effects of the following: (1) fast neutron radiation on the properties and behavior of nuclear reactor fuels and claddings; and (2) long term, high temperature, space (vacuum) exposure on the properties of refractory metals considered for use as structural materials in various power conversion systems.

Saunders, N. T.↗