Microchannel Gate Temperature Analysis
Photoemission spectra of a GaAs gate material of a metal semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) were analyzed to nondestructively assess the submicron-size local gate temperature.
Photoemission↗
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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.
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Correlation of ultraviolet excited luminescence and interband transitions in hexagonal zinc sulfide
Ultraviolet luminescent excitation spectrum, reflection spectrum, and photoemission correlation with interband transition in single crystal hexagonal zinc sulfide
SINGLE CRYSTAL↗
Escape Depth for Excited Photoelectrons in Kbr Films
Backward and forward photoemission quantum yields from evaporated KBr films measured as function of film thickness
PHOTOELECTRIC EMISSION↗
Attenuation length measurements of photoexcited electrons in CuBr films.
Attenuation length of photoexcited electrons in evaporated layers of CuBr estimated by measuring photoemission yield as function of thickness
FILM THICKNESS↗
Enhanced luminance of the moon.
Lunar surface luminance transient enhancement noting photoabsorbing color center formation, increased reflectivity and photoluminescence, photoionization and photoemission
LUNAR LUMINESCENCE↗
Dual enhancement of photocathode sensitivity in the near infrared.
Near IR sensitivity enhancement by external field assisted photoemission from semitransparent photocathode
Grant, G. R.↗
Location of the Zn 3d states in ZnO
UV photoemission measurements on hexagonal ZnO cleaved in vacuum, determining Zn 3d states location
Mcmenamin, J. C.↗
A Monte Carlo photocurrent/photoemission computer program
A Monte Carlo computer program was developed for the computation of photocurrents and photoemission in gamma (X-ray)-irradiated materials. The program was used for computation of radiation-induced surface currents on space vehicles and the computation of radiation-induced space charge environments within space vehicles.
Chadsey, W. L.↗
The III-V photocathode - A major detector development.
Description of new (III-V) photocathodes which show improvements in sensitivity of as much as ten to a hundred times over conventional cathodes in the near infrared and useful improvements at shorter wavelengths. The development stems from a combination of basic knowledge of the photoemission process, gained in the 1950s, and the advancing understanding of the technology of III-V materials, in the 1960s. The superior performance of these cathodes is due to the fact that the vacuum level at the surface lies below the bottom of the conduction band in the bulk of the material. Consequently, the threshold of response is set by the III-V bandgap. The bandgap (and the threshold of response) can be varied by alloying different III-V materials together. A reduction in thermionic emission is realized with these cathodes. At present no semitransparent III-V cathodes with comparably interesting performance are available. The problems hindering further improvements, as well as the problems of placing these cathodes in practical multipliers and image tubes, are discussed briefly.
Spicer, W. E.↗
Electron tunnelling into amorphous germanium and silicon.
Measurements of tunnel conductance versus bias, capacitance versus bias, and internal photoemission were made in the systems aluminum-oxide-amorphous germanium and aluminium-oxide-amorphous silicon. A function was extracted which expresses the deviation of these systems from the aluminium-oxide-aluminium system.
Smith, C. W.↗
CdS-metal contact at higher current densities.
An investigation is conducted concerning the mechanisms by which a steady flow of current proceeds through the contact when an external voltage is applied. The main characteristics of current mechanisms are examined, giving attention to photoemission from the cathode, thermionic emission, minority-carrier extraction, and the tunneling of electrons. A high-field domain analysis is conducted together with experimental studies. Particular attention is given to the range in which tunneling predominates.
Stirn, R. J.↗
A standard for ultraviolet radiation.
Photoemission diode standards for accurately measuring monochromatic ultraviolet light intensity (3000 A-1100 A) are described that are also blind to visible light. The standard uses an opaque photocathode of Cs2Te and is unique because of its combination of thinness (19 mm), high sensitivity, time stability, and uniformity of response. Design criteria, construction methods, and difficulties overcome in obtaining a stable, uniform, high yield photocathode responses are discussed. Cs2Te is discussed in terms of a model for high yield photoemitters.
Fisher, G. B.↗
Optical space astronomy and goals of the large space telescope.
Optical astronomy now means the study of EM radiation in the very near IR and vacuum UV in addition to the visible wavelengths. Practical constraints presently define the IR limit at about 11000 A, where photoemissive cathodes become ineffective, and the UV limit at 912 A, where the hydrogen of the interstellar medium limits the view to very nearby objects. Salient events of the first decade of optical space astronomy are discussed together with the orbiting astronomical observatories. Particular attention is given to the large space telescope (LST) project, taking into account the physical characteristics of the LST and the scientific program.
O'Dell, C. R.↗
Measurement of the lunar photoelectron layer in the geomagnetic tail
Stable photoelectron fluxes (with energies between 40 and 200 eV) were observed by the Apollo 15 Charged Particle Lunar Environment Experiment (CPLEE). These observations, made in the magnetotail under near vacuum conditions, are compared with numerically calculated photoemission spectra to determine the approximate potential difference between ground and CPLEE'S apertures (a distance of 26 cm). Numerically calculated density and potential distributions are compared with the measured values to provide an estimate of the photoelectron yield function of the dust layer covering the moon.
Reasoner, D. L.↗
Polarization studies of planetary atmospheres
Studies are considered of the planets Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The era of precise planetary polarimetry began with the work of Lyot (1929). The investigations in this field were continued by Dollfus (1957), who added detailed studies of planetary regions. A new breakthrough came with the availability of photoemissive detectors, which led to extensive measurements of the wavelength dependence of the polarization of planets. Two very recent developments have been the inclusion of photoelectric polarimeters on planetary space probes and the development of precise polarimeters for the measurement of elliptical polarization.
Coffeen, D. L.↗
Photoelectron emission analysis of surface elements of the International Sun Earth Explorer
The photoemission was measured of engineering materials (aluminum; copper, plain; copper, abraded; copper-beryllium; magnesium; silver; In2O3 on silica; reflective coating on silica; teflon; kapton; and Pyre ML) associated with the International Sun Earth Explorer (ISEE) Satellite. The procedures used are described, including the experimental equipment; results of the program, the conclusions reached, and areas for further work are presented. Data regarding the measured yield of the 11 materials whose surface emission was determined is included in the form of plots of photoelectric yield versus incident light wavelength.
Spencer, W. T.↗
Properties of the wake of small Langmuir probes on sounding rockets
Split Langmuir probes have been used to study the near wake of small Langmuir probes on sounding rockets. Experiments have been performed on two rocket flights using planar disk and cylindrical geometries, and the results are presented. Significant wake perturbations in plasma density and temperature were found due to the probe body itself, even though the probes were of the order of or smaller than the Debye length. The largest effects of the wake are seen in the electron collection characteristics of the probe. The wake of small probes show apparent magnetic field aligned structure, even though the probes were much smaller than the ion gyroradius. On one flight, a space charge potential large enough to substantially alter photoemission, -3.5 volts, was observed.
Bering, E. A.↗
Photoconductivity of high-voltage space insulating materials
The dark and photoconductivities of four high voltage spacecraft insulators, Kapton-H, FEP Teflon, Parylene, and fused quartz, were studied under a variety of conditions intended to simulate a space environment. All measurements were made in a vacuum of less than .00001 torr while the temperature was varied from 22 C to 100 C. Some of the samples used employed conventional deposited metal electrodes--others employed electrodes composed either of an electron beam or a plasma formed by ionization of the residual gas in the test chamber. Test results show: (1) Kapton had unusual conduction properties; it conductivity decreased by more than an order of magnitude when heated at 100 C in a vacuum, but ultimately attained a stable and reproducible value. (2) Both Teflon and fused quartz had high dark resistivities but low photoresistivities when exposed to UV. Optical-density measurements revealed that both materials transmitted UV with little attenuation. (3) Parylene was found to have a low but relatively stable resistivity--comparatively minor changes occurred upon heating or illuminating the sample. Optical-density measurements showed that Parylene was absorbent in the UV and would prevent photoemission from the metal electrode on the back surface.
Coffey, H. T.↗