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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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At least 163 records · Page 9

Omics-Lethal Human Viruses, MERS-CoV Experiment MMVE003

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the human host response to wild-type Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (icMERS-CoV EMC2012) virus infection. Sample data was obtained from human microvascular endothelial cells for mRNA, proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics expression analysis. Secondary host-associated viral dataset downloads contain one or more statistically processed (normalization data transformation) quantitative dataset collections resulting in qualitative expression analyses of primary host-pathogen experimental study designs. Leveraging unique high-resolution Omics capabilities for proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and transcriptomics dataset downloads each have a direct relationship to a primary sample submission corresponding to a specific MERS-CoV virus infection.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

Omics-Lethal Human Viruses, West Nile Experiment WCB001

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the host response to wild-type West Nile virus (WNV-NY99 382) and mutant WNV-E218A virus infection. Sample data was obtained from mouse cerebellum tissue and processed for mRNA, miRNA, proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics expression analysis. Tissues from this experiment were matched to tissues from GSE77193 (WCT001), using 1/4 of the cortex and 1/2 of cerebellum from the same mice. Secondary host-associated viral dataset downloads contain one or more statistically processed (normalization data transformation) quantitative dataset collections resulting in qualitative expression analyses of primary host-pathogen experimental study designs. Leveraging unique high-resolution Omics capabilities for proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and transcriptomics dataset downloads each have a direct relationship to a primary sample submission corresponding to a specific West Nile virus infection.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

Omics-Lethal Human Viruses, West Nile Experiment WCT001

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the host response to wild-type West Nile virus (WNV-NY99 382) and mutant WNV-E218A (WNV-NY99 382 E218A 2 nt) virus infection. Sample data was obtained from mouse cortex tissue for mRNA, miRNA, proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics expression analysis. Tissues from this experiment were matched to tissues from GSE77192 (WCB001), using 1/4 of the cortex and 1/2 of cerebellum from the same mice. Secondary host-associated viral dataset downloads contain one or more statistically processed (normalization data transformation) quantitative dataset collections resulting in qualitative expression analyses of primary host-pathogen experimental study designs. Leveraging unique high-resolution Omics capabilities for proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, and transcriptomics dataset downloads each have a direct relationship to a primary sample submission corresponding to a specific West Nile virus infection.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

Omics-Lethal Human Viruses, West Nile Experiment WDC010

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the host response to wild-type West Nile virus (WNVMT) and mutant (WNVE218A) virus infection. Sample data was obtained from primary mouse myeloid dendritic cells for mRNA and proteomics expression analysis. See Experiment WDC011 (GSE75222) for corresponding independent biological replicate study. Secondary host-associated viral dataset downloads contain one or more statistically processed (normalization data transformation) quantitative dataset collections resulting in qualitative expression analyses of primary host-pathogen experimental study designs. Leveraging unique high-resolution Omics capabilities for proteomics and transcriptomics, each dataset download has a direct relationship to a primary sample submission corresponding to a specific West Nile virus infection.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

Omics-Lethal Human Viruses, West Nile Experiment WLN003

The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate the host response to wild-type West Nile virus infectious clone (WNV-NY99 clone 382) and mutant WNV-E218A (WNV-NY99 382 E218A 2 nt) virus infection. Sample data was obtained from mouse popliteal draining lymph nodes for proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics expression analysis. See Experiment WLN002 for corresponding transcriptome analysis. Secondary host-associated viral dataset downloads contain one or more statistically processed (normalization data transformation) quantitative dataset collections resulting in qualitative expression analyses of primary host-pathogen experimental study designs. Leveraging unique high-resolution Omics capabilities for proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics dataset downloads each have a direct relationship to a primary sample submission corresponding to a specific West Nile virus infection.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

PNNL DataHub Project: Omics Lethal Human Viruses Project Profiling of the Host Response to West Nile Virus Infection, Processed Experimental Dataset Catalog

West Nile virus (WNV) is classified as a Category B priority pathogen (mosquito-borne Flavivirus) by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), and are known to cause severe infections in humans where lethal host-associated mechanisms are not clearly defined. The NIAID Modeling Host Responses to Understand Severe Human Virus Infections Research Program project (2013 - 2018) aimed to develop an improved comprehensive understanding of the host response to a suite of viruses causing lethal infections leveraging a systems biology approach. The NIAID Modeling Host Responses to Understand Severe Human Virus Infections Research Program project (2013-2018) aimed to develop an improved comprehensive understanding of the host response to a suite of viruses causing lethal infections leveraging a systems biology approach. Herein, PNNL sub-projects provide a never before released comprehensive infectious disease collection of primary and secondary transformation multi-Omics data profiling a series of priority pathogen primary experimental studies for enhanced open-access to viral Omics datasets and project lifecycle metadata. Secondary host-pathogen viral dataset downloads contain one or more statistically processed (normalization data transformation) quantitative dataset collections resulting in qualitative expression analyses of primary host-pathogen experimental study designs. Leveraging unique high-resolution Omics capabilities for proteomics (P), metabolomics (M), lipidomics (L), and transcriptomics (T) dataset downloads each have a direct relationship to a primary sample submission corresponding a specific West Nile virus [NCBITAXON:11082] (WNV-NY99 382) experimental infection study. Host sample types include cerebellum ["CB", BTO:0000232], cortical neurons ["CN", BTO:0004102], cortex ["CT", BTO:0000233], dendritic cells ["DC", BTO:0002042], granule cell neurons ["GCN", BTO:0003393], lymph node ["LN", BTO:0000784], and serum ["SE", BTO:0001239] from mouse (Mus musculus) tissue collections.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

PNNL DataHub NIAID Program Project: Modeling Host Responses to Understand Severe Human Virus Infections, Multi-Omic Viral Dataset Catalog Collection

The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) "Modeling Host Responses to Understand Severe Human Virus Infections" program project was a highly integrated and comprehensive systems biology research core, funded by the National Institute of Health (U19AI106772) from 2013-06-01 to 2018-05-31, investigating the complex host response to category A, B, and C priority pathogen infections. Resulting project deliverables include an extensive comprehensive collections of linked primary and secondary transformation viral experimental infection data. Here we provide a never before released comprehensive infectious disease collection of primary and secondary transformation multi-Omics data profiling a series of priority pathogen primary experimental studies for enhanced open access to viral Omics lifecycle datasets and project metadata. Using a highly integrated and multidisciplinary approach, linked primary data and metadata supporting secondary normalization datasets, provide critical information necessary for research reproducibility and long-term preservation. Enabling on-demand data access for research community consumption and developer reuse, serves to support new mechanistic insights and discoveries into host-pathogen interactions for aiding future biohazard data preparedness efforts in emergency response to global health crises involving viral infection.

59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES↗

Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Three Isolated Faint Dwarf Galaxies beyond the Local Group: Pavo, Corvus A, and Kamino

We present new Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging of three recently discovered star-forming dwarf galaxies beyond the Local Group: Pavo, Corvus A, and Kamino. The discovery of Kamino is reported here for the first time. They rank among the most isolated faint dwarf galaxies known; hence they provide unique opportunities to study galaxy evolution at the smallest scales, free from the environmental effects of more massive galaxies. Our HST data reach ∼2–4 magnitudes below the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) for each dwarf, allowing us to measure their distances, structural properties, and recent star formation histories (SFHs). All three galaxies contain a complex stellar population of young and old stars, and are typical of field galaxies in this mass regime (M V = −10.62 ± 0.08 and $D = 2.16_{-0.07}^{+0.08}$ Mpc for Pavo, M V = −10.91 ± 0.10 and D = 3.34 ± 0.11 Mpc for Corvus A, and M V = −12.02 ± 0.12 and $D = 6.50_{-0.11}^{+0.15}$ Mpc for Kamino). Our HST-derived SFHs reveal differences among the three dwarfs: Pavo and Kamino show relatively steady, continuous star formation, while Corvus A formed ∼60% of its stellar mass by 10 Gyr ago. These results align with theoretical predictions of diverse evolutionary pathways for isolated low-mass galaxies.

Mutlu-Pakdil, Burçin [Dartmouth College, Hanover, ↗

Pass-efficient methods for compression of high-dimensional turbulent flow data

The future of high-performance computing, specifically on future Exascale computers, will presumably see memory capacity and bandwidth fail to keep pace with data generated, for instance, from massively parallel partial differential equation (PDE) systems. Current strategies proposed to address this bottleneck entail the omission of large fractions of data, as well as the incorporation of in situ compression algorithms to avoid overuse of memory. To ensure that post-processing operations are successful, this must be done in a way that a sufficiently accurate representation of the solution is stored. Moreover, in situations where the input/output system becomes a bottleneck in analysis, visualization, etc., or the execution of the PDE solver is expensive, the number of passes made over the data must be minimized. In the interest of addressing this problem, this work focuses on the utility of pass-efficient, parallelizable, low-rank, matrix decomposition methods in compressing high-dimensional simulation data from turbulent flows. Additionally, a particular emphasis is placed on using coarse representation of the data – compatible with the PDE discretization grid – to accelerate the construction of the low-rank factorization. This includes the presentation of a novel single-pass matrix decomposition algorithm for computing the so-called interpolative decomposition. The methods are described extensively and numerical experiments on two turbulent channel flow data are performed. In the first (unladen) channel flow case, compression factors exceeding 400 are achieved while maintaining accuracy with respect to first- and second-order flow statistics. In the particle-laden case, compression factors of 100 are achieved and the compressed data is used to recover particle velocities. These results show that these compression methods can enable efficient computation of various quantities of interest in both the carrier and disperse phases.

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Multisource Data Fusion Outage Location in Distribution Systems via Probabilistic Graphical Models

Efficient outage location is critical to enhancing the resilience of power distribution systems. However, accurate outage location requires combining massive evidence received from diverse data sources, including smart meter (SM) last gasp signals, customer trouble calls, social media messages, weather data, vegetation information, and physical parameters of the network. This is a computationally complex task due to the high dimensionality of data in distribution grids. In this paper, we propose a multi-source data fusion approach to locate outage events in partially observable distribution systems using Bayesian networks (BNs). A novel aspect of the proposed approach is that it takes multi-source evidence and the complex structure of distribution systems into account using a probabilistic graphical method. Our method can radically reduce the computational complexity of outage location inference in high-dimensional spaces. The graphical structure of the proposed BN is established based on the network’s topology and the causal relationship between random variables, such as the states of branches/customers and evidence. Utilizing this graphical model, accurate outage locations are obtained by leveraging a Gibbs sampling (GS) method, to infer the probabilities of de-energization for all branches. Compared with commonly-used exact inference methods that have exponential complexity in the size of the BN, GS quantifies the target conditional probability distributions in a timely manner. As a result, a case study of several real-world distribution systems is presented to validate the proposed method.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

Neutron stars in $$f(\mathtt {R,L_m})$$ gravity with realistic equations of state: joint-constrains with GW170817, massive pulsars, and the PSR J0030+0451 mass-radius from NICER data

Abstract In this work, we investigate neutron stars (NS) in $$f(\mathtt {R,L_m})$$ f ( R , L m ) theory of gravity for the case $$f(\mathtt {R,L_m})= \mathtt {R}+ \mathtt {L_m}+ \sigma \mathtt {R}\mathtt {L_m}$$ f ( R , L m ) = R + L m + σ R L m , where $$\mathtt {R}$$ R is the Ricci scalar and $$\mathtt {L_m}$$ L m the Lagrangian matter density. In the term $$\sigma \mathtt {R}\mathtt {L_m}$$ σ R L m , $$\sigma $$ σ represents the coupling between the gravitational and particles fields. For the first time the hydrostatic equilibrium equations in the theory are solved considering realistic equations of state and NS masses and radii obtained are subject to joint constrains from massive pulsars, the gravitational wave event GW170817 and from the PSR J0030+0451 mass-radius from NASA’s Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer ( NICER ) data. We show that in this theory of gravity, the mass-radius results can accommodate massive pulsars, while the general theory of relativity can hardly do it. The theory also can explain the observed NS within the radius region constrained by the GW170817 and PSR J0030+0451 observations for masses around $$1.4~M_{\odot }$$ 1.4 M ⊙ .

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSIC↗

Systems and methods for rapid processing and storage of data

Systems and methods of building massively parallel computing systems using low power computing complexes in accordance with embodiments of the invention are disclosed. A massively parallel computing system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention includes at least one Solid State Blade configured to communicate via a high performance network fabric. In addition, each Solid State Blade includes a processor configured to communicate with a plurality of low power computing complexes interconnected by a router, and each low power computing complex includes at least one general processing core, an accelerator, an I/O interface, and cache memory and is configured to communicate with non-volatile solid state memory.

Stalzer, Mark A.↗

Massively scalable Kerr comb-driven silicon photonic link

Abstract The growth of computing needs for artificial intelligence and machine learning is critically challenging data communications in today’s data-centre systems. Data movement, dominated by energy costs and limited ‘chip-escape’ bandwidth densities, is perhaps the singular factor determining the scalability of future systems. Using light to send information between compute nodes in such systems can dramatically increase the available bandwidth while simultaneously decreasing energy consumption. Through wavelength-division multiplexing with chip-based microresonator Kerr frequency combs, independent information channels can be encoded onto many distinct colours of light in the same optical fibre for massively parallel data transmission with low energy. Although previous high-bandwidth demonstrations have relied on benchtop equipment for filtering and modulating Kerr comb wavelength channels, data-centre interconnects require a compact on-chip form factor for these operations. Here we demonstrate a massively scalable chip-based silicon photonic data link using a Kerr comb source enabled by a new link architecture and experimentally show aggregate single-fibre data transmission of 512 Gb s −1 across 32 independent wavelength channels. The demonstrated architecture is fundamentally scalable to hundreds of wavelength channels, enabling massively parallel terabit-scale optical interconnects for future green hyperscale data centres.

Rizzo, Anthony (ORCID:000000034752797X)↗

The Artificial Scientist: in-Transit Machine Learning of Plasma Simulations

Large-scale simulations or scientific experiments produce petabytes of data per run. This poses massive challenges for I/O and storage when scientific analysis workflows are run manually offline. Unsupervised deep learning-based techniques to extract patterns and non-linear relations from these large amounts of data provide a way to build scientific understanding from raw data, reducing the need for manual pre-selection of analysis steps, but require exascale compute and memory to process the full dataset available. In this paper, we demonstrate a heterogeneous streaming workflow in which plasma simulation data is streamed directly to a Machine Learning (ML) application training a model on the simulation data in-transit, completely circumventing the capacity-constrained filesystem bottleneck. This workflow employs openPMD to provide a high level interface to describe scientific data and also uses ADIOS2, to transfer volumes of data that exceed the capabilities of the filesystem. We employ experience replay to avoid catastrophic forgetting in learning from this non-steady state process in a continual manner and adapt it to improve model convergence while learning in-transit. As a proof-of-concept, we approach the ill-posed inverse problem of predicting particle dynamics from radiation in a particle-incell (PIConGPU) simulation of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI). We detail hardware-software co-design challenges as we scale PIConGPU to full Frontier, the Top-1 system as of June 2024 Top500 list.

Kelling, Jeffrey [Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossen↗

An emulator for the Lyman-α forest in beyond-ΛCDM cosmologies

Interpreting observations of the Lyman-α forest flux power spectrum requires interpolation between a small number of expensive simulations. We present a Gaussian process emulator modelling the 1D flux power spectrum as a function of the amplitude and slope of the small-scale linear matter power spectrum, and the state of the intergalactic medium at the epoch of interest (2 < z < 4). This parameterisation enables the prediction of the flux power spectrum in extended cosmological models that are not explicitly included in the training set, eliminating the need to construct bespoke emulators for a number of extensions to ΛCDM. Our emulator is appropriate for cosmologies in which the linear matter power spectrum is described to percent level accuracy by just an amplitude and slope across the epoch of interest, and in the regime probed by eBOSS/DESI data. We demonstrate this for massive neutrino cosmologies, where the emulator is able to predict the flux power spectrum in a Σm ν = 0.3 eV neutrino cosmology to sub-percent accuracy, without including massive neutrinos in the training simulations. Further parameters would be required to describe models with sharp features in the linear power, such as warm or light axion dark matter. This work will facilitate the combination of upcoming DESI data with observations of the cosmic microwave background, to obtain constraints on neutrino mass and other extensions to ΛCDM cosmology.

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS↗

Application of a Machine Learning Algorithm in Generating an Evapotranspiration Data Product From Coupled Thermal Infrared and Microwave Satellite Observations

Land surface evapotranspiration (ET) is one of the main energy sources for atmospheric dynamics and a critical component of the local, regional, and global water cycles. Consequently, accurate measurement or estimation of ET is one of the most active topics in hydro-climatology research. With massive and spatially distributed observational data sets of land surface properties and environmental conditions being collected from the ground, airborne or space-borne platforms daily over the past few decades, many research teams have started to use big data science to advance the ET estimation methods. The Geostationary satellite Evapotranspiration and Drought (GET-D) product system was developed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 2016 to generate daily ET and drought maps operationally. The primary inputs of the current GET-D system are the thermal infrared (TIR) observations from NOAA GOES satellite series. Because of the cloud contamination to the TIR observations, the spatial coverage of the daily GET-D ET product has been severely impacted. Based on the most recent advances, we have tested a machine learning algorithm to estimate all-weather land surface temperature (LST) from TIR and microwave (MW) combined satellite observations. With the regression tree machine learning approach, we can combine the high accuracy and high spatial resolution of GOES TIR data with the better spatial coverage of passive microwave observations and LST simulations from a land surface model (LSM). The regression tree model combines the three LST data sources for both clear and cloudy days, which enables the GET-D system to derive an all-weather ET product. This paper reports how the all-weather LST and ET are generated in the upgraded GET-D system and provides an evaluation of these LST and ET estimates with ground measurements. The results demonstrate that the regression tree machine learning method is feasible and effective for generating daily ET under all weather conditions with satisfactory accuracy from the big volume of satellite observations.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

WA-Omic_LA.1.0 - Quantitative Lipidomics, Metabolomics, and Sequencing (16S/ITS) Publication Data DOI Package

Corresponding Data Publication: "Rapid remodeling of the soil lipidome in response to a drying-rewetting event." This study reveals specific changes in lipids and metabolites that are indicative of stress adaptation, substrate use, and cellular recovery during soil drying and subsequent rewetting. Drought induced nutrient limitation was reflected in the lipidome and polar metabalome, both of which rapidly shifted (within hours) upon rewet. Reduced nutrient access in dry soil caused the replacement of glycerophospholipids with phosphorus-free lipids and impeded resource-expensive osmolyte accumulation. Elevated levels of ceramides and lipids with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, in dry soil suggests that lipids play an important role in fungal drought tolerance. Increasing abundance of bacterial glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerols with fatty acids typical of bacteria and polar metabolites suggest metabolic recovery in representative bacteria once the environmental conditions are conducive for growth. These results underscore the importance of the soil lipidome as a robust indicator of microbial community responses, especially at the short time scales of cell-environment reactions. Data package contents reported here are the first version and contain pre- and post-processed data acquisition and subsequent downstream analysis files using various data source instrument method techniques and Mass Spectroscopy (MS) EMSL capabilities. This publication data package DOI is a comprehensive high-throughput multi-omics data lifecycle collection containing processed data method metadata. Support files include additional data download “Read Me” file containing data descriptor information and data source application ontologies (see data dictionary). Reported data download contents are structured for compliance with project data sharing guidelines, community standards initiatives, and sponsor stakeholder policies supporting FAIR data principles. For increased data availability and interoperability, GC-MS/LC-MS mass spectrometry datasets (Thermo .raw ) were deposited at the MassIVE database repository under the related data accession MSV000086931 and can be accessed by using the API. Statistical data processing software, analysis tools, and data workflows are listed below corresponding to the host repository long-term location.

Amplicon sequencing 16S ITS LC-MS/MS lipidomics mu↗

WA-Omic_LA.1.0 - Quantitative Lipidomics, Metabolomics, and Sequencing (16S/ITS) Publication Data DOI Package

Corresponding Data Publication: "Rapid remodeling of the soil lipidome in response to a drying-rewetting event." This study reveals specific changes in lipids and metabolites that are indicative of stress adaptation, substrate use, and cellular recovery during soil drying and subsequent rewetting. Drought induced nutrient limitation was reflected in the lipidome and polar metabalome, both of which rapidly shifted (within hours) upon rewet. Reduced nutrient access in dry soil caused the replacement of glycerophospholipids with phosphorus-free lipids and impeded resource-expensive osmolyte accumulation. Elevated levels of ceramides and lipids with long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, in dry soil suggests that lipids play an important role in fungal drought tolerance. Increasing abundance of bacterial glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerols with fatty acids typical of bacteria and polar metabolites suggest metabolic recovery in representative bacteria once the environmental conditions are conducive for growth. These results underscore the importance of the soil lipidome as a robust indicator of microbial community responses, especially at the short time scales of cell-environment reactions. Data package contents reported here are the first version and contain pre- and post-processed data acquisition and subsequent downstream analysis files using various data source instrument method techniques and Mass Spectroscopy (MS) EMSL capabilities. This publication data package DOI is a comprehensive high-throughput multi-omics data lifecycle collection containing processed data method metadata. Support files include additional data download “Read Me” file containing data descriptor information and data source application ontologies (see data dictionary). Reported data download contents are structured for compliance with project data sharing guidelines, community standards initiatives, and sponsor stakeholder policies supporting FAIR data principles. For increased data availability and interoperability, GC-MS/LC-MS mass spectrometry datasets (Thermo .raw ) were deposited at the MassIVE database repository under the related data accession MSV000086931 and can be accessed by using the API. Statistical data processing software, analysis tools, and data workflows are listed below corresponding to the host repository long-term location.

Amplicon sequencing 16S ITS LC-MS/MS lipidomics mu↗