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Search indexed NASA NTRS and DOE OSTI research on propulsion, heat transfer, battery materials and energy systems. Follow report and document links to the original sources.

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DOE OSTI2026

Salt supplementation-induced metabolic reprogramming in Streptomyces coelicolor

Members of the genus Streptomyces are major producers of a wide variety of secondary metabolites that serve as bioactive compounds. Many secondary metabolites are produced in response to environmental signals such as biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we identified salt supplementation as one of the stimuli activating secondary metabolism in the model Streptomyces species, Streptomyces coelicolor. Comparative metabolomics revealed overproduction of several known secondary metabolites, most notably undecylprodigiosin and coelimycin P1, in addition to their biosynthetic intermediates and derivatives, as well as many unknown metabolites. Transcriptomic analysis revealed activation of diverse biological processes including cation uptake, compatible solute production, and the phosphate limitation stress response through conserved and species-specific mechanisms, presumably to overcome the increased salinity. This response leads to activation of a variety of regulatory and metabolic pathways required for production of secondary metabolites including activation of conserved metabolic pathways for energy and substrate supply and species-specific secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters. Furthermore, several promoter sequences contributing to upregulation of secondary metabolism induced by salt supplementation were identified. Overall, our data show how S. coelicolor copes with the increased salinity and tailors the cellular metabolism toward secondary metabolism in a conserved and species-specific manner.

Otani, Hiroshi [USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI)↗

DOE OSTI2024

Implementation and (Inverse Modified) Error Analysis for Implicitly Templated ODE-Nets

We focus on learning unknown dynamics from data using ODE-nets templated on implicit numerical initial value problem solvers. First, we perform inverse modified error analysis of the ODE-nets using unrolled implicit schemes for ease of interpretation. It is shown that training an ODE-net using an unrolled implicit scheme returns a close approximation of an inverse modified differential equation (IMDE). In addition, we establish a theoretical basis for hyperparameter selection when training such ODE-nets, whereas current strategies usually treat numerical integration of ODE-nets as a black box. We thus formulate an adaptive algorithm which monitors the level of error and adapts the number of (unrolled) implicit solution iterations during the training process, so that the error of the unrolled approximation is less than the current learning loss. This helps accelerate training while maintaining accuracy. Several numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed algorithm compared to nonadaptive unrollings and validate the theoretical analysis. Here, we also note that this approach naturally allows for incorporating partially known physical terms in the equations, giving rise to what is termed “gray box” identification.

ODE-nets↗

DOE OSTI2021

Fabrication of Tantalum and Hafnium Carbide Fibers via Forcespinning TM for Ultrahigh‐Temperature Applications

In this work, a novel method for producing ultrafine tantalum and hafnium carbide fibers using the Forcespinning TM technique via a nonhalide‐based sol‐gel process was investigated. An optimal solution viscosity range was systematically determined via rheological studies of neat PAN/DMF as a function of fiber formation. Subsequently, Forcespinning TM parameters were also systemically studied to determine the optimal rotational velocity and spinneret‐to‐collecting rod distance required for ideal fiber formation. TaC and HfC fibers were synthesized via Forcespinning TM utilizing a mixture of PAN and refractory transition metal alkoxides (i.e., tantalum (V) ethoxide and hafnium (IV) tert‐butoxide) in DMF solution based on optimal conditions determined from the neat PAN/DMF. In all instances after calcination, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) indicated that TaC and HfC fibers were produced. TGA/DSC confirmed the chemical stability of the resulting fibers.

Lee, Harold O.↗

DOE OSTI2024

Library-AI-Toolset

Collection of tools designed to parse documents, such as PDFs, and extract structured elements including URLs, citation contexts, tables, formulas, and figures. This toolset leverages AI-based text extraction and classification methods, providing robust solutions for various scholarly resources processing needs.

Balakireva, Lyudmila↗

DOE OSTI2021

2017 Meander C and O floodplain groundwater chemistry from the East River, Colorado

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2021

2018 Meander C floodplain groundwater chemistry from the East River Watershed, Colorado

This dataset includes groundwater geochemistry data from floodplain piezometers collected as a part of the Watershed Function Scientific Focus Area (SFA) located in the Upper Colorado River Basin. The data were collected in order to investigate the role of hyporheic exchange and other river corridor processes on riverine export of solutes. Floodplain piezometers installed along two transects across Meander C in the Pumphouse vicinity (MCP and MCB wells) were sampled on daily to weekly time scales during summer-fall 2018. Some river water grab samples are also included. Data includes in-field measurements (pH, electrical conductivity [EC], oxidation reduction potential [ORP], dissolved oxygen [DO], Fe(II), and groundwater level) along with laboratory measurements (dissolved inorganic carbon [DIC], dissolved organic carbon [DOC], metals and major cations, anions [chloride, sulfate, nitrate], and dissolved ammonium). Five files are included in this dataset, including: sample locations and depths in both a kmz file which can be opened in Google Earth and a csv file, sampling protocol as a pdf document, aqueous geochemistry data in a csv file, and analytical detection limits in a csv file.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2021

2018 Meander Y and Meander Z floodplain groundwater chemistry from the East River watershed, Colorado

This dataset includes groundwater geochemistry data from floodplain piezometers collected as a part of the Watershed Function Scientific Focus Area (SFA) located in the Upper Colorado River Basin. The data were collected in order to investigate the role of hyporheic exchange and other river corridor processes on riverine export of solutes. Floodplain piezometers installed in Meander Z (MZA, MZB wells) and Meander Y (MYP wells) just upstream of the confluence with Brush Creek were sampled on daily to weekly time scales during summer-fall 2018. Some river water grab samples are also included. Data includes in-field measurements (pH, electrical conductivity [EC], oxidation reduction potential [ORP], and groundwater level) along with laboratory measurements (dissolved inorganic carbon [DIC], dissolved organic carbon [DOC], metals and major cations, anions [chloride, sulfate, nitrate], and dissolved ammonium). Five files are included in this dataset, including: sample locations and depths in both a kmz file which can be opened in Google Earth and a csv file, sampling protocol as a pdf document, aqueous geochemistry data in a csv file, and analytical detection limits in a csv file.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2021

Geochemistry of East River, Colorado floodplain sediments from Meander Z and Meander Y collected in 2017.

This dataset includes sediment geochemical characterization data from floodplain sediments collected as a part of the Watershed Function Scientific Focus Area (SFA) located in the Upper Colorado River Basin. The data were collected in order to investigate the role of biogeochemical cycling and other river corridor processes on riverine export of solutes. Sediment cores were collected from Meander Z (MZA, MZB) and Meander Y (MYP) just upstream of the confluence with Brush Creek in September 2017 to depths of approximately 40-95 cm in 15-20 cm intervals. Analyses include moisture content, particle size analysis, total inorganic and total organic carbon, and extractions by 1 M KCl (for adsorbed NH4), anoxic HCl (for Fe(II) content), ammonium oxalate (for amorphous Fe-oxide content), and dithionite (for crystalline Fe-oxide content). Sample locations are included in both a kmz file, which can be opened in Google Earth, and a csv file, and methods are included as a text document. All characterization data is summarized in a Microsoft Excel file, and is also included as individual .csv files for each extraction (ammonium oxalate, anoxic HCl, dithionite, and KCl) and for bulk sediment data (moisture content, particle size analysis, TIC, and TOC).

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2023

2016 Floodplain Geochemistry from the East River Watershed, Colorado

This dataset includes groundwater geochemistry data from floodplain piezometers collected as a part of the Watershed Function Scientific Focus Area (SFA) located in the Upper Colorado River Basin. The data were collected in order to investigate the role of hyporheic exchange and other river corridor processes on riverine export of solutes. Floodplain piezometers installed in several meanders (Meander C, Meander D, and Meander O) in the vicinity of the Pumphouse were sampled at several dates in 2016. Data includes in-field measurements (pH, electrical conductivity, oxidation reduction potential, dissolved oxygen, dissolved Fe(II), dissolved sulfide, and groundwater level) along with laboratory measurements (dissolved inorganic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, metals and major cations). Five files are included in this dataset, including: sample locations and depths in a csv file (metadata.csv), aqueous geochemistry data in a csv file, analytical detection limits in a csv file, a file-level metadata (flmd.csv) file, and a data dictionary (dd.csv) file. Data that was below the detection limit is reported as one half of the detection limit and missing data is listed as "-9999".

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2025

Mineralogy of floodplain sediments from Meanders C, O, and Z in the East River Watershed, CO, USA

This dataset includes bulk X-ray diffraction data from floodplain sediments collected as a part of the Watershed Function Scientific Focus Area (SFA) located in the Upper Colorado River Basin. The data were collected in order to investigate the role of biogeochemical cycling and other river corridor processes on riverine export of solutes. Sediment cores were collected from Meander C, Meander O, and Meander Z in July 2016 to September 2017 to depths of approximately 40-95 cm. Sample metadata including locations, depths, and sample dates are included in a csv file ("sample_list_and_locations.csv"). The file "diffraction_data.csv" contains raw diffraction data, and mineral quantification is in the file "mineral_abundance.csv". This dataset also includes a file-level metadata (flmd.csv) file that lists each file contained in the dataset with associated metadata and a data dictionary (dd.csv) file that contains column/row headers used throughout the files along with a definition, units, and data type.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2025

2019 Meander C and Meander Z floodplain groundwater chemistry from the East River Watershed, CO, USA

This dataset includes groundwater geochemistry data from floodplain piezometers collected as a part of the Watershed Function Scientific Focus Area (SFA) located in the Upper Colorado River Basin. The data were collected in order to investigate the role of hyporheic exchange and other river corridor processes on riverine export of solutes. Data includes samples from two intra-meander zones: Meander C, in the Pumphouse vicinity, and Meander Z, just upstream of the confluence with Brush Creek. Floodplain piezometers installed along two transects across Meander C (MCP and MCB wells) and Meander Z (MZA and MZB wells) were sampled on daily to weekly time scales during summer-fall 2019. Some river water grab samples are also included. Data includes in-field measurements (pH, electrical conductivity [EC], oxidation reduction potential [ORP], dissolved oxygen [DO], and groundwater level) along with laboratory measurements (dissolved inorganic carbon [DIC], dissolved organic carbon [DOC], metals and major cations, anions [chloride, sulfate, nitrate], and dissolved ammonium). Files are included in this dataset include: sample locations and depths in both a kmz file which can be opened in Google Earth and a csv file, aqueous geochemistry data in a csv files for Meander C and Meander Z, and analytical detection limits in a csv file. This dataset also includes a file-level metadata (flmd.csv) file that lists each file contained in the dataset with associated metadata and a data dictionary (dd.csv) file that contains column/row headers used throughout the files along with a definition, units, and data type.

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2020

Converting from NIS to Redhat Identity Management

The Jefferson Lab (Jlab) accelerator controls network has transitioned to a new authentication and network service interface. The new system uses the Redhat Identity Manager (IdM) as a single integrating front end to the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) and a replacement for NIS and the Kerberos authentication service. This system allows for integration of access and authentication across Unix and Windows environments and across different Jlab computing environments, including across firewalls. The decision making process, conversion steps, issues and solutions will be discussed.

McGuckin, T. S.↗

DOE OSTI2020

Deterministic and Statistical Modeling of a New Thermal Breakout Technology for Measuring the Maximum Horizontal In-Situ Stress

The current state-of-the-art technology for in-situ stress measurements involves an integrated approach that combines borehole breakout observations, drilling-induced tensile fractures, and hydraulic fracturing tests (i.e., “mini-fracs”). This methodology has achieved wide application in the oil and gas industry but has several limitations that often prevent successful in-situ stress measurements. One major limitation is that breakouts do not appear in all boreholes and are generally only a natural occurrence that cannot easily be controlled. Because borehole breakouts are used to directly measure the maximum horizontal in-situ stress magnitude, the absence of borehole breakouts presents a major data gap for in-situ stress measurements. In response to this data gap, a new US Department of Energy (US DOE)-sponsored thermal breakout technology that will provide a method for thermally inducing borehole breakouts and allow the consistent measurement of the maximum horizontal stress magnitude is currently in development. This thermal breakout technology involves heating the borehole and increasing the thermoelastic compressive stress in the rock until a breakout develops, which can be directly correlated to the maximum horizontal stress magnitude. The first step in this project was an analytical modeling study of the thermal breakout process. Based on the Kirsch solution (Kirsch 1898), a deterministic and statistical analysis was performed on the pertinent parameters that influence the maximum horizontal stress calculation. As a result of the analysis, the findings indicate that the thermal breakout technology is feasible and provides improved accuracy and/or an enhanced ability to measure the maximum horizontal stress. Future work as part of this US DOE-sponsored project includes additional validation through more detailed numerical modeling, laboratory testing, and field testing of the thermal breakout technology.

58 GEOSCIENCES↗

DOE OSTI2017

Calibration and Propagation of Uncertainty for Independence

This document reports on progress and methods for the calibration and uncertainty quantification of the Independence model developed at UT Austin. The Independence model is an advanced thermodynamic and process model framework for piperazine solutions as a high-performance CO 2 capture solvent. Progress is presented in the framework of the CCSI standard basic data model inference framework. Recent work has largely focused on the thermodynamic submodels of Independence.

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CH↗

DOE OSTI2018

Dissolution of Used Nuclear Fuel using a TBP/n-paraffin Solvent

The complete recycle of used nuclear fuel (UNF) is desirable to recover the energy value from the remaining U and the higher actinides produced during fuel irradiation; however, the construction of a large-scale reprocessing facility is prohibitively expensive. A simplified flowsheet with a reduced equipment footprint is needed to improve the economic viability. To address this issue, we evaluated a hybrid process which combines the dissolution of UNF pretreated (oxidized) for tritium removal in a tributyl phosphate (TBP) solvent with the solvent extraction cycles required for recovery of the actinide and lanthanide elements. To demonstrate the feasibility of the hybrid process, we prepared actinide solid solutions containing selected fission product elements as surrogates for pretreated, irradiated light water reactor fuel. The distribution of the actinide and fission product elements was measured between the solvent and residual solids to determine dissolution efficiencies. Dissolution of the solid solutions in the TBP solvent was effective for the recovery of both the actinide and lanthanide elements. An increase in the TBP concentration and temperature improved the dissolution efficiencies for these elements. Two-stage dissolutions were successfully used to recover nearly all the actinides and most of the lanthanides from the solid solutions. Our data indicate that most of the fission products generated during fuel irradiation except for the lanthanides and Tc (based on data for Re) would remain in the undissolved solids. The Am/Cm, lanthanides, and other fission product are easily scrubbed from the solvent by contact with nitric acid generating a pure U/Np/Pu stream.

11 NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS↗

DOE OSTI2019

Decomposition of Select Volatile Organic Compounds by Caustic Hydrolysis for Effluent Management Facility (Rev. 0)

Hydrolysis is a proposed treatment method for organic constituents at the Effluent Management Facility during the Direct-Feed Low-Activity Waste process at the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant. Four compounds, acetonitrile, acrylonitrile, acetone, and methylene chloride, comprise a significant portion of the organic constituents identified in the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant Effluent Composition Estimate. In support of the Direct-Feed Low-Activity Waste process, the Washington River Protection Solutions Organic Studies Group at the 222-S Laboratory completed a laboratory test of caustic hydrolysis reactions of these four compounds.

12 MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE AND NON-RADIOACTIVE W↗

DOE OSTI2020

Financing Microgrids in the Federal Sector

Recent high-impact events such as hurricanes and wildfires highlight the need for energy system resilience. One potential impact of these events is the loss of utility grid power to federal sites, negatively affecting the ability to carry out their missions. Depending on the need to sustain critical functions, it may be important to continue operations during an outage of the electric grid, or at least have power restored quickly after the event. One approach to addressing this need is through a microgrid. Microgrids can provide a more reliable solution than the traditional approach of using a backup generator at individual buildings. A microgrid can enhance a site’s electrical power system during normal operations, as well as provide reliable backup power to critical loads when electric utility power is interrupted. Many times, certain components of a microgrid (and potentially the entire system) can be justified economically and paid for out of energy savings or avoided costs. In cases where savings can cover the project costs, one of several privately financed procurement mechanisms may be used to implement the project. Procurement options available to all federal agencies include utility energy services contracts (UESC), energy savings performance contracts (ESPC), and utility services contracts (USC); other mechanisms such as a power purchase agreement (PPA), enhanced use lease (EUL), and utility privatization (UP) may also be useful to agencies that have the authority to use them. Implementing a microgrid in a comprehensive effort that also includes energy efficiency can provide an important savings component, while reducing power requirements for critical loads, thus reducing the cost of the microgrid and associated distributed energy resources (DER). However, it can be difficult to achieve enough savings and avoided costs to cover the entire microgrid system, so leveraging these avoided costs in combination with appropriated funds may be necessary to implement the full project. When a site is deciding if a microgrid is the best solution, activities early in the process include identifying critical loads and existing DERs, conversations with the local electric utility, and implementation options that work best for the agency and site. This paper explores procurement options and agreements that may be useful to federal agencies interested in implementing microgrids at their sites. Microgrid complexities, implementation considerations, and suggestions to get started are also discussed. This information will be most useful to agencies when they are exploring electric energy system resilience options and/or considering different procurement options to meet their needs.

24 POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION↗

DOE OSTI2021

Agile Strategy Living Laboratory Reflection Paper

Getting my team members to all agree that we needed to pursue possible solutions for our documentation review process was an idea that came across very well with the team. This specific topic has be something that as a team we have been having struggles with recently due to the shear amount of documents that have been flowing through the team’s hands to review. We all realized that the process had areas that we could change that would eliminate confusion for new employees, reduce backload, and improve efficiency and quality of the documentation reviews. The key personnel on our team that have the most direct control and impact over this process are the production control specialists, documentation preparation and review is their primary job function. They are denoted in the action pack as “doc spec 1” and this individual has 12 years of expertise in their role. The engineers are denoted as “engineer 1, 2, 3” respectively. Engineer 1 has 10 years of experience in this team, engineer 3 has 38 years of experience on the team, and engineer 2 is myself with 5 years of expertise with this team and 5 with the department of defense.

96 KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION↗