Ionization disequilibrium in K- and L-shell ions

Bishel, D. T. (ORCID:0000000337422509); Marley, E. V. (ORCID:000000017030944X); Schneider, M. B. (ORCID:0000000197068308); Liedahl, D. A. (ORCID:000000016345127X); Heeter, R. F. (ORCID:0000000310971823); Foord, M. E.; Kemp, G. E. (ORCID:0000000238253666); Frank, Y. (ORCID:0000000209786404); Emig, J. A.; Pérez-Callejo, G. (ORCID:0000000337192352); Nilson, P. M. (ORCID:0000000290168055); Chin, D. A. (ORCID:0000000301187690); Rygg, J. R. (ORCID:0000000206057847); Collins, G. W. (ORCID:0000000248831087)

doi:10.1063/5.0151931

DOE OSTI · 2567767

Ionization disequilibrium in K- and L-shell ions

Bishel, D. T. (ORCID:0000000337422509)·Marley, E. V. (ORCID:000000017030944X)·Schneider, M. B. (ORCID:0000000197068308)·Liedahl, D. A. (ORCID:000000016345127X)·Heeter, R. F. (ORCID:0000000310971823)·Foord, M. E.·Kemp, G. E. (ORCID:0000000238253666)·Frank, Y. (ORCID:0000000209786404)·Emig, J. A.·Pérez-Callejo, G. (ORCID:0000000337192352)·Nilson, P. M. (ORCID:0000000290168055)·Chin, D. A. (ORCID:0000000301187690)·Rygg, J. R. (ORCID:0000000206057847)·Collins, G. W. (ORCID:0000000248831087)

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Abstract

Time-gated Sc K-shell and Ge L-shell spectra are presented from a range of characterized thermodynamic states spanning ion densities of 1019–1020cm−3 and plasma temperatures around 2000 eV. For the higher densities studied and temperatures from 1000 to 3000 eV, the Sc and Ge x-ray emission spectra are consistent with steady-state calculations from the modern atomic kinetics model SCRAM. At the lower ion densities achieved through plasma expansion, however, the model calculations require a higher plasma temperature to reproduce the observed Ge spectrum. We attribute this to ionization disequilibrium of the Sc because the ionization time scales exceed the hydrodynamic timescale when the inferred temperatures diverge.

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70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY Ionization processes Plasma expansion Plasma temperature Thermodynamic states and processes X-ray emission spectroscopy

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Bishel, D. T. (ORCID:0000000337422509), Marley, E. V. (ORCID:000000017030944X), Schneider, M. B. (ORCID:0000000197068308), Liedahl, D. A. (ORCID:000000016345127X), Heeter, R. F. (ORCID:0000000310971823), Foord, M. E., Kemp, G. E. (ORCID:0000000238253666), Frank, Y. (ORCID:0000000209786404), Emig, J. A., Pérez-Callejo, G. (ORCID:0000000337192352), Nilson, P. M. (ORCID:0000000290168055), Chin, D. A. (ORCID:0000000301187690), Rygg, J. R. (ORCID:0000000206057847), Collins, G. W. (ORCID:0000000248831087). 2023-07-06. Ionization disequilibrium in K- and L-shell ions. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0151931

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